Manual Gearbox

POWER TRAIN

With the 1st-2nd speed synchronizer on the intermediate shaft, the 3rd-4th and 5th speed, synchronizers on the input shaft, and a constant mesh type, smooth gear changes are obtained. In reverse, the reverse idler gear of spur gear slides and mesh with the gear on the input shaft and the one on the outer periphery of the 1st-2nd speed synchronizer sleeve, simultaneously.

TRANSMISSION

In Automotive, 2 type of transmission:

1) Manual Transmission

2) Automatic Transmission

General

As transmissions designed exclusively for 5-speed, 3rd-4th and 5th speed synchronizers is arranged on the input shaft while a 1st-2nd speed synchronizer is arranged on the intermediate gear.

A simple mechanical shift control mechanism is used in shifting into 5th-speed. As a result, the conventional 5th-speed shift control mechanism which uses a vacuum servo has been eliminated

The number of sets of gear meshing when the transmission is turning in neutral has been reduced from six to two, thereby reducing the noises produced during idling with the shift lever in Neutral.

Through use of a new type of synchronizer piece and a reduction in the inertial moment of the relevant synchronizing parts (through modification of the gear train), the shifting effort has been reduced and the shift feeling has been improved.

Through use of split needle bearings and an increase in the capacity of the shaft support bearings, the reliability and durability have been improved

CYLINDER AND ARRANGEMENT

In-line Engine

Designed as an In-Line style

Advantages
•Easy manufacture
•More cheaper

Disadvantages
• Cannot change aerodynamic

“V’ Configuration Engine

‘V’ type design, angle 60-90º

Slant Cylinder Engine

• Engine Design like In line
• It’s design to reduce distance TDC to BDC
• Slanting type can be design more aerodynamically

Opposed Cylinder Engine

• Used Two Cylinder Head
• The angle between two cylinder was 180º
• Normally it’s used in smaller vehicles


Radial Cylinder Engine

• Cylinder are set in a circles
• Normally this type used for high performance engine.

ENGINE - "Energy Conversion"

Still in Engine Topic....
but detail in "Energy Conversion" first..its a Fundamentals

•Energy is define as the ability to do work
• Power is defined as a measure of the work
being done.
• Energy can take on one of six forms, they
include:
a. Chemical
b. Electrical
c. Radiant
d. Mechanical
e. Nuclear
f. Thermal forms of energy

Example how energy conversion happen :

Internal Combustion Engine,
Change Thermal Energy to Mechanical Energy

External Combustion Engine
•Change Thermal Energy to Mechanical Energy
•Burning process occur outside combustion chamber

Reciprocating Engine, Changing motion upward and downward

CLASSIFICATION OF ENGINE

Engine

Ok in english of Engine..

Engines have different layouts, depending on the vehicle application. Common arrangements include in-line, vee, flat or rotary.

Cylinder blocks:

Cylinder blockThe cylinder block is the largest part of the engine. Its upper section carries the cylinders and pistons. Normally, the lower section forms the crankcase, and supports the crankshaft.
Cylinder block constructionCylinder blocks made of aluminum are lighter than cast-iron blocks of the same size. They usually have cast-iron liners which provide a hard-wearing surface for pistons and piston rings.
Cylinder sleevesA dry sleeve can be cast or pressed into a new block or used to recondition cylinders. A flanged, dry sleeve has a flange to fit a recess in the block. A wet sleeve has an outer surface directly exposed to coolant.
Grey ironGrey iron is a cast iron that contains carbon in the form of graphite, plus silicon, manganese and phosphorus

Cylinder heads:

Cylinder headThe cylinder head bolts onto the top of the cylinder block where it forms the top of the combustion chamber. It carries the valves and, in many cases, the camshafts.
Cylinder head designCylinder head combustion chambers are designed to help improve the swirl or turbulence of the air-fuel mixture, and prevent fuel droplets settling on the surfaces of the combustion chamber or cylinder walls.
Diesel combustion chambersDirect-injection diesels inject into the combustion chamber formed in the top of the piston. For indirect injection, the combustion chamber is a separate chamber formed in the head.
Intake & exhaust passsagesSmaller intake and exhaust passages and ports allow more torque at low engine speeds. At high speeds, smaller passages restrict airflow. Larger passages produce greater power at high engine speeds.
GasketsGaskets form a seal by being compressed between stationary parts where liquid or gas could pass. Gaskets around a rotating part would quickly wear out. Oil seals are used to seal these parts.
TurbulenceTurbulence refers to the swirling motion of a liquid or a gas.

Sistem Dalam Kenderaan

huh..lama tak update...sory yerla br nk berbloging ni ..lupa plak nk update mengupdate ni
Ok back to topic...
Sistem dalam kenderaan?..yerla smua benda yg idup mesti ada sistem..badan manusia pun ada sistem2 yg amat kompleks
dalam kenderaan pun ada sistem2 yg boleh kita ambil tahu serba sikit...
Kenderaan ni ada sistem yg tersendiri utk membuat kan ia boleh dipandu dengan selamat dan selesa...sistem ini dikelaskan kepada tiga bahagian utama:-
1. Sistem Enjin
2. Sistem transmisi
3. Sistem Kerangka (chasis system)

SISTEM ENJIN.
Pada masa kini,sistem ini banyak menerima perubahan2 yg terkini. Dulu Kenderaan yang menggunakan bahanapi petrol sinonimnya kita pasti mengingatkan tentang karburetor... bg yg guna Diesel pula samada yg menggunakan inline atau distributor pump untuk sistem bahanapinya. Sekarang zaman berubah dengan begitu pesat..teknologi yang digunakan utk sistem pengangkutan juga perubah mengikut peredaran zaman yg serba elektronik ini. Begitu juga dengan sistem enjin bagi kenderaan kini..bnyk yang menggunakan sistem kawalan elektronik untuk mengoptimumkan kemampuan sesebuah enjin.
Bagi kenderaan yg menggunakn petrol sebagai bahanapi sistem kawalan elektronik seperti Electronic Fuel Injection (EFI) digunakan untuk penggunaan bahanapi yang ekonomi dan mesra alam. Bagi kenderaan Diesel pula penggunaan Elektronic Governer pada pump diperkenalkan dan kemudian penggunaan Electronic DIesel atau lebih dikenali sebagai Common rail diperkenal kan baru2 ini. Semua sistem ini mengalami evolusi yang berperingkat dimana fungsi aau objektif utamanya ialah untk bagi penggunaan bahanapai yang ekonomi dan mengoptimumkan keupayaan enjin

Automotive Technology

Selamat datang...mari kita bincang teknologi-teknologi dalam bidang automotif
Pemahaman tentang konsep dan kegunaannya utk keselesaaan dan keselamatan.